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MacMaster and Toronto Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire (MACTAR)
Patient-completed, disease-specific measure of functional disability that quantifies the specific functional priorities of the patient. Comprises a standardised menu of 'activities affected by your arthritis'. Up to 5 areas are identified and ranked in order of importance by the patient. At follow up patients report any 'change in the disability' (yes /no) - if 'yes', whether the disability has 'improved' or 'become worse'

Marshal Score for Follow-up Evaluation of Athletes after Knee Ligament Surgery

Marshall et al developed a scoring system for the followup evaluation of athletes after knee ligament surgery. This can help monitor recovery and improvement in function after surgery. The authors are from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City

Mathew Stroke Scale

McGill Pain Questionnaire
Patient-completed questionnaire to specify subjective pain experience using 3 word descriptors - sensory, affective and evaluative. 3 measures can be derived: pain rating index (PRI), based on numerical values assigned to each word descriptor; present pain intensity (PPI), a 0-5 scale from the pain description section: no pain, mild, discomforting, distressing, horrible or excruciating; number of words chosen (NWC)

Mc Gill Home Recording Card for Pain

The McGill Home Recording Card can help a person with pain keep track of the pain and its influence on his or her life over time. This can help the physician adjust medications or add adjunctive therapies to improve the patient's quality of life. It was designed for use in conjunction with McGill Pain Questionnaire (see above)

MDS Cognitive Performance Scale
The Minimum Data Set (MDS) Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) can be used to evaluate the level of cognitive impairment affecting a patient in a nursing home. This can help management planning for the patient

Metabolic equivalence of professional, leisure and sporting activities (METS) 

Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire

The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was developed to measure health state domains important to patients with hands disorders. The instrument can be used to evaluate a patient prior to hand surgery and to monitor function after the surgery. The authors are from the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor

Migraine Disability Assessment Score

The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Score is a simple score for determining the impact of migraine headaches on a person's ability to function in work home and social situations. It can be followed over time to monitor a person's response to interventions or disease progression

Million Test / Million Index / Pain & Disability Index

Patient-completed questionnaire examining perceptions of pain using a visual analogue scale in limited functional settings combined with objective measure of spinal movement. Comprises 15 subjective questions regarding severity of symptoms and exacerbating factors, 10 objective measures record 5 lumbar spine movements. Subjective and objective scores separately combined and adjusted to give a Subjective/Objective Global Index score

Mini Mental State Examination (MMS)
Staff-completed screening test measuring cognitive mental status, in 2 parts with a total of 11 questions. Part 1 requires vocal responses and covers orientation, memory and attention. Part 2 tests ability to name, follow verbal and written commands, write a sentence spontaneously, and copy a complex polygon. Scores are given ineach section - maximum score 30

Minimum Change in the Roland Disability Questionnaire
Straford et al identified the level of change in a patient’s score from the Roland-Morris questionnaire for low back pain to detect a clinically significant clinical change. This can help the interpretation of the scores over time and to determine the effectiveness of an intervention. The authors are from McMaster University and North Georgia College

Mobility Scale for Acute Stroke Patients

Staff-completed measure of mobility status in first two weeks of onset of stroke. Assesses 5 tasks from lying to walking using a 6-point scale based on the level of assistance provided. Designed to have a predictive value of level of ultimate outcome 

Modified Ashworth Scale (see Ashworth scale)
Staff-completed manual test of muscle spasticity. Involves applying rapid manual movement of the limb through the range of motion to passively stretch specific muscle groups. A 5-point ordinal scale grades the resistance encountered during the passive stretching. There is also a 6-point modified scale

Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) in infants
Taddio et al modified the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) of Robieux et al for use with infants during office procedures such as immunizations

Modified Objective Pain Score in children betwwen 2 and 11 years

Wilson and Doyle used a modification of the Objective Pain Score (OPS) to assess pain in children. It is intended for evaluation of post-operative pain and can be used by the child's parents

Modified Pulmonary Functional Status & Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ-M)

Patient-completed 40 item questionnaire, assessing 3 components: functional status, dyspnea and fatique. 0-10 scale rates changes in activity level, the shortness of breath and tiredness felt on attempting 10 listed activities since the development of pulmonary problems. 10 additional questions consider discomfort breathing and worn out feeling. Modified by item reduction and addition of fatique component

Modified Rankin Scale

Scale assessing Recovery of motor function after stroke

Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire

The Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) is a 13 item self-report scale for patients with chronic pain or disabilities. It can help identify somatic complaints that may be associated with psychological responses such as anxiety or depression. The authors are from Prestwich Hospital in Manchester England

Modified Zung Depression Inventory

A 23-item patient-completed scale measuring depressive symptoms in back pain patients. Patient's feelings about themselves and their lives are sought (e.g.: "I feel downhearted and sad", "I get tired for no reason"). Scores range from 0 to 69. Can be administered by post

Morbidity Assessment Index for Newborns

The Morbidity Assessment Index for Newborns (MAIN) can be used to evaluate newborn infants for morbidity. The tool is intended to allow comparison of the impact from obstetrical therapeutic strategies on neonatal outcomes

Motor Assessment Scale

Staff-completed scale measuring physical disability. Consists of 8 hierarchical areas of every day motor function and one item to rate muscle tone. Each motor item is assessed 3 times, the best performance being rated on a scale of 0-6. Also included are criteria to aid grading (some measuring quality, others time) and a set of general rules for carrying out the assessment. Following reliability studies the authors suggest dropping the muscle tone section.

Motor Coordination in Young Children (Charlop-Atwell Scale)
Charlop and Atwell developed a scale for assessing gross motor coordination in children between the ages of 4 and 6 years. It is intended to be quick and easily used without the need for specialized equipment

Motor Club Assessment

Staff-completed 28-item assessment with 2 sections - impairments and disabilities - suitable for planning physiotherapy and monitoring progress. Impairment section examines selected motor activities: 7 upper limb and 3 lower limb activities are scored on a 3-point scale. Disability section tests 18 activities of balance and total body movements. 4-point scale indicates degree of assistance required

Motor Fitness Scale

Patient-completed 14-item scale assessing basic motor ability in three categories: mobility, strength and balance. Provides a total sum out of 14 (scored yes = 1, no = 0)

Motor Neuron Disease Dyspnoea Rating Scale

The MND Dyspnoea Rating Scale (MDRS) is a questionnaire for evaluating the dyspnea felt by a person with a motor neuron disease (MND). It uses 16 items divided into 3 subscales to assess different aspects of the condition. The scale can be monitored over time to help determine disease progression and/or the impact of interventions. The authors are from the University of Liverpool in the England

Motricity Index (MI)
Staff-completed index of limb movement aiming to measure general motor impairment. 3 movements for each limb are assessed based on the MRC strength grades and weighted, 0 for no movement, 9 for palpable movement, 14 for movement seen, 19 for full range against gravity, 25 for movement against resistance and 22 for normal power

Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite

Three variables are recommended as primary measures in a
Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC):1) Timed 25-Foot walk; 2) 9-Hole Peg
Test (9-HPT); and 3) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT-3” version)

Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale

The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) can be used measure therapeutic outcome in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). The scale contains 20 physical and 9 psychological items.The authors are from the Institute of Neurology (London) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and University of Oxford in England

Muscle Strength Scale

Major skeletal muscles can be functionally assessed for their strength. Muscles are evaluated individually with comparison to that of the same muscle on the opposite side of the body. Muscle strength can be monitored over time to follow progression or remission of disease

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