Center for Evidence Based Physiotherapy

Clinical measurement instruments (L)

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A lateral ankle sprain may be graded based on the degree of damage to the ligaments. This can help separate athletes with minor injuries from those with more significant ones

Lee index

Leipad

A measure of physical, social, emotional, and mental health components that contribute to quality of life

Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire

Godin and Shephard developed a simple questionniare to measure a person's leisure time exercise. It was designed to be reliable valid and easy to complete quickly without a need for detailed review. This can be used to monitor the impact of health and physical fitness promotion programs in the community. The authors are from the Universities of Laval and Toronto in Canada

Lequesne Hip Score

Lequesne et al developed an index of severity for osteoarthritis for the hip (ISH). This can be used to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

Lequesne Knee Score

Lequesne et al developed an index of severity for osteoarthritis for the knee (ISK). This can be used to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

Level Of Rehabilitation Scale (LORS)

Staff / carer-completed questionnaire assessing functional independence. Areas considered are activities of daily living, mobility, communication, cognitive ability and memory. The initial 4 items are scored on a five point scale (0 = complete dependence, 4 = normal function). Memory is scored as impaired or non-impaired. This is an updated form of the Functional Life Scale (Sarno et al 1973)

Life Satisfaction

Staff-conducted structured interview. One global and 6 specific items are scored on an ordinal scale 1-6 (1 = 'very dissatisfied' to 6 = 'very satisfied'). Retrospective and current answers sought in order to obtain changes in life satisfaction

Life Strengths Interview

Staff-completed focused audiotaped interview with open questions prompting conversation with the client from their social context, not emphasising disability. Comprises introduction, 8 thematic sections (who they are, what matters to them and issues faced) and conclusion. Helps to form goals and discharge plans

LIFEware Outpatient Tracking System / Medical Rehabilittaion Follow Along Measures (MRFA) Patient-completed survey designed to measure physical function, pain experience and well-being in adults. The function domain has four sections, the body movement and control six items, the pain experience ten descriptors and a visual analogue scale, the well-being domain seven items. Each item uses a Likert scale, the results of which are summed and converted to a linear Rasch measure using computing software

London Handicap Scale
Patient-completed interval level postal questionnaire. Based on the ICIDH, it uses part utilities (a matrix of scale weights) relating to different levels of disadvantage for 6 dimensions, with a formula for combining these into an overall handicap score. 'Caution must be used when applying the scale to changes in individual patients for clinical assessments.... the scale is meant for comparisons between groups of subjects'

Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Scale (LAPSS)

Low Back Outcome Scale (Greenough and Fraser)

Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (Roland and Morris)

Roland and Morris developed a questionnaire for evaluating patients with low back pain. This can be used to determine the level of patient disability and can help measure outcome following therapeutic intervention. The authors are from St. Thomas' Hospital in London.

Low Back Pain Impairment Score (Waddell and Main)

Waddell and Main developed a score for calculating impairment associated with low back pain. The authors are from the Western Infirmary in Glasgow Scotland.

Low Back Pain Rating Scale (Manniche)

Manniche et al developed rating scale to evaluate patients with low back pain. The scale covers the 4 manifest components of back pain and was designed for monitoring outcome following therapeutic interventions. The authors are from several hospitals in Denmark

Low Back Outcome Scale (Greenough and Fraser) - LBOS

Greenough and Fraser developed the Back Outcome Score (LBOS) scale for measuring functional outcome in a patient with low back pain. The authors are from Middleborough General Hospital in England and Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia.

Lower Extremity Activity Profile (LEAP)

Patient-completed questionnaire following total knee arthroplasty. 23 questions cover global categories: self care; mobility; household activities; work; leisure activities; social activities; effect of knee on emotional health, sleep and rest; knee appearance; pain severity and frequency; range of movement. Patient's perception of difficulty and satisfaction with each performance are measured via visual analogue scales

Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)
Patient-completed questionnaire comprising 20 functional leg activities each scored on a five point ordinal scale, with 0 being impossible to perform and 4 being no difficulty. Scored out of a maximum of 80 to give a level of functional ability

Lower Limb Impairment from Amputation

AMA criteria

Lower Limb Impairment from Gait Derangement

AMA criiteria

Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale
Staff-completed scale for measuring symptoms during daily activities following knee ligament injury. There are 8 domains (limp, support, locking, instability, pain, swelling, stairs, squatting) with weighted scores for each response. Scored 0 ? 100, lower the score the greater the symptomology

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